Hypercube Developers

Internet of Fiber For Industry 4.0

Fastest way to provision Symmetric Gigabit Fiberoptic Internet

Mass Internet History

The history of mass Internet is not the history of phone companies, wireless/mobile Internet companies, cable companies or media companies despite their total and presently pointless dominance in the field along with regulators that identify themselves as phone experts, culture experts, media experts and sports experts.
The history of mass Internet begins with the availability of cheap modems used to connect back to data centers where the routers were available. It was a hard fought battle by Internet engineers to roll them out initially because phone companies were totally uncooperative about digital signals being sent over their phone lines instead of embracing it as a revenue stream. Also phone lines dropped the connection if the exchange needed a portion of that circuit to connect some other phone call or you have been using it too long.
Then cable TV companies entered the scene with faster Internet because their TV data bandwidth were faster any way inside a dedicated coax cable and more reliable than a phone line connection, and extra bandwidth beyond TV need was present in the cable. This allowed Internet engineers to really push up the quality of the Internet that was delivered. All of a sudden email, web pages and file servers were better than snail mail and shopping. Huge transformational changes were taking place with the use of cable delivered Internet by Internet engineers.
Then media companies entered the market putting in the investments needed to roll out cable everywhere behind the Internet demand that fueled it.
Then came wireless phone Internet which now make Internet available all the time for personal use through a mobile phone connection made possible by connecting wireless towers to fiber modems to handle the enormous data bandwidth.
Then came fiber Internet. Fiber Internet for the masses which was better than phone Internet, cable Internet and wireless phone Internet, and since its introduction it has seen costs fall to 20x less than either cable Internet or phone Internet while at the same time its speed has pushed past terabits per second. So mass Internet wants to move from its humble beginnings with telephone modems, then cable modems and now fiber modems.
So the history of mass Internet begins with Internet of phone lines, and then shifts to era of Internet of cable, and now we are moving into the age of Internet of Fiber.
Or are we?

Are we there yet?

This roots of problems goes back to problems faced by Internet engineers rolling out Internet with use of phone lines. The phone companies were not generally happy with it because they sold 'leased lines' that carried dedicated digital traffic and these phone modems were a fraction of the price sending data over common phone lines. So the phone companies created a lot of legal challenges until they had to accept they needed to change. But it was too late for that because superior cable Internet arrived and users of Internet walked with their feet to remove all traffic from phone Internet. There was nothing left for phone companies to fight over.
The cable companies had well intentioned goals of Internet provisioning through their cable network, but along the way media companies started to take over to deliver media directly but found themselves competing with the Internet because Internet could be used far more cheaply for streaming media and phone at a fraction of the cost and remove viewers of TV, the thing that generated their income. Learning from phone companies and their fight with the Internet, media companies sought to make Internet unreliable for competing with them. So they started marketing and selling fake Internet. Fake Internet has no upload bandwidth (restricted to 10% of download bandwidth) for example so that it interfered with VOIP communications if you had a low bandwidth connection. No upload bandwidth that came with fake Internet meant you could not use this fake Internet to host servers and stream media. These artificial concerns of fake Internet have NOTHING to do with the real Internet. So once again the real Internet users will walk with their feet to Internet of fiber as it arrives.
Therein lies the last problem. Phone companies and media companies and its regulators who identify themselves and phone experts, culture experts, media experts and sports experts but not fake Internet experts have stacked the regulatory system to ensure that no one other than phone companies and media companies get to roll out fake Internet with their narrow vision. From UK to USA, all the countries infected are more than 50 places behind in terms of price per Mbit for fake Internet and value for money compared to developed world. Of course this fake fiber visions and hallucinations of media experts and phone experts have ZERO connections to demands made by Internet, Internet engineers and Internet customers. To a large extent, these fake Internet experts and false witnesses for Internet of Fiber have lost a decade worth of time for Smart Cities, IoT and many new technologies that are Industry 4.0 (like 5G, AI+Automation, VR, AR, Big Data, Digital Transformations, Digital Services etc.) The latest tactic is over the horizon political planning producing inefficient fake Internet provisioning plans to roll out fiber 15 years in the future whereas state of fiber is so advanced that anyone can start today by installing fiber on top of copper ducts with 1.5 inch 3456 core fiber cable for example at 20x lower cost to customer and 20x faster deployment because of lowest capex, or use micro-trenching to install several hundred meters of fiber per day without causing traffic congestion because motorists can drive over the micro-trench while the work is being undertaken, or lay 4km per day on open countryside or road side with digging and laying and covering using two tractor machines where all operations happen simultaneously while the tractors are being driven!
Media companies are not infrastructure companies like telecom companies.
USA/UK laughing stock of the world in #5G. 4G/5G is whatever protocols you make up running on packet radio through R&D and investment. Fake US media companies ownership of telecom eat all revenue and don't invest, unlike real telecom companies that amortize revenue and invest in future revenue. The only thing these fake media companies can do is bleat like sheep that China is racing ahead in 5G when it is they who ate all the revenue is at fault. Imagine envious neighbor behavior when you buy a new car. That is exactly the same behavior of US politician, and UK civil servants in servitude to US who sold all fiber companies to US media companies are now showing towards China. UK's Ofcom/DCMS give £3000 tax payer money to US owned fiber companies per gbit fiber link for 5G. Ofcom made up Dark Fiber Tax - £1/meter for fiber cost 1p/m to buy, to stop new UK startups from installing HUGE fiber networks EVERYWHERE in UK against US.
The false witnesses for fake Internet of Fiber have cost telecom users billion in lost revenue because while the products of Industry 4.0 are ready to roll out, there is no symmetric gigabit fiber Internet infrastructure to roll it out, and no customers with symmetric gigabit fiber Internet for investors to generate revenues. For sure, there are some places like Paris, Korea, Japan where things are better. But the entire world for the large part is riddled with stubborn regulators of fake Internet who are false witnesses for Internet of Fiber Age that are determined to preside over its roll out despite having no connection to the subject matter.
The so called experts stacking the regulatory system have no understanding that media companies are primarily revenue hacked companies. Their inappropriateness is a huge danger to society on the boarders of illegality. Revenue hacked companies are pretenders to wealth creation, and they are a famine driven shadow of what growth hacked companies achieve around the globe. Revenue hacking is common practice in America, where venture capital investors find a great debt free company with great revenues and straddle it with huge debts, interest payments and management fees until it is bled dry on the pretext of expansion. This is not expansion or wealth creation, but creation of infrastructure famine taking all revenue from the company and its loyal customers to feed interest payments and management fees instead of operating the business as an infrastructure business that is primarily reliant on investment and amortization of costs for future revenue from serving a country's future infrastructure demand.
It is not impossible to notice, that there is tremendous advertising and social media engagement to create an image that 5G companies, telephone companies, cable companies, media companies to civil entities are driving forward fake Internet and fake fiber (in their image). It is an absolute contagion if you believe them. Full Symmetric Fiber Internet has nothing to do with any of them. These fake Internet provider should be customers to pure fiber symmetric Internet technology providers. The fake Internet providers are not the drivers for Fiber Internet being rolled out across the globe to ring in the Internet of Fiber era.
5G companies are repeatedly and as often as possible intentionally committing crime against the public and civic circles selling misleading virtues of 5G but forgetting that they need Internet of Fiber with fiber modems placed every 300m to 100m for 5G to work due to oxygen absorption and water vapor absorption. 5G companies are pretending they can deliver gigabit Internet cheaply. Absolutely not. A 10gbit+ fiber Internet line needs to be available every 300m for this to even begin to happen. And then hundreds of customers have to SHARE this one radio modem in a 300m radius. If thousands of users SHARE this one radio link, then the radio masts have to be 100m apart. In which case, customers are better off connecting directly to the fiber. What we need are more fiber Startups! Get rid of Dark Fiber Tax that protects US media companies from startup competition. It is cheaper to lay 3456 core 1.5 inch diameter fiber cable to the area and provision 1 to 10 gbit symmetric Internet for $30 to each customer than it is to connect to unreliable, expensive GHz radio modems on towers hundreds of meters away with GHz signals whilst slowing everyone down by sharing the bandwidth with everyone else. 5G has its place, and that is to connect everyone while they are not at home or office and cannot get to a wifi connection.

Abomination Internet Pricing Structures

It is important to know that the public are not in control of their service providers or purchasing decisions and pay whatever they are forced to pay while telecom and cable companies and their media trolls boast value for money at every opportunity through blatant false advertising to blatant online trolling. Its like some bad Hollywood movie gone wrong where your oppressors are laughing all the way to the bank and gets away with it.
In UK for example, all major fiber companies have been sold to US by easy to access London based civil servants on foreign servitude to US (and EU) on the pretense of 'inward investment'. UK is 20% of global competition in tech markets. So to buy up UK is worth 20% of global competition to US. The UK has become a vassal slave state of the US telecom industry dictating terms and their practices. The price of fiber connection are a reflection of that vassal slavery. It is not possible to get connected to fiber even if 10m from a cabinet as they hold out for more money. A UK infrastructure company would not do that, and connect immediately. UK manufacturing is under existential threat because all of UK is running 10mbit Internet and doesn't get connected to roll out IoT, AI, Data Centers, Smart City and many other projects reliant on high speed communications technology. They have all failed if the companies set themselves up in UK. This includes track and trace for COVID-19 which can't be rolled out stopped by prescriptive genocidal practices of telecom industry.
The pricing structures of phone Internet companies and cable Internet companies are an abomination compared to fiber Internet companies. The phone Internet and cable Internet companies deliberately install just a couple of fibers (despite $2/meter for 96 core) and then install a cabinet full of electronics (costing $50,000+) to multiplex 100+ phone, TV and Internet lines down ONE fiber slowing everyone down, to then price the remaining few fibers at $100,000 PER FIBER due to scarcity of the fiber and a 'fake' ROI valuation of each fiber based on the amount of fees charged for each separate service fiber is now carrying with use of $50,000 multiplexing cabinet. This is meaningless because cost of the multiplexer and cost of slowing down everybody has been craftily removed for purposes of deceiving the public. This fake figure is sold to investors and government alike. When that cost is added back in, symmetric gbit fiber is 20x cheaper per bit of data transferred. It is also 20x quicker to deploy because capex is 20x less as the £50,000+ 'cabinet' is not required.
There are lots of fiber companies springing up with big investor backing but with a cherry picking business model where they cable up tower blocks and large local council run estates using the pricing model above to purchase fiber. They vehemently oppose any price reductions and actively 'abuse' regulators and governments because this kind of cherry picking does not work if smaller companies spring up cabling individual houses and tenants in multi-occupancy houses for $150 install and $30/m for 1gbit symmetric fiber Internet. These smaller companies could easily take the fallen cherries for themselves along with the individual houses, apartments and flats they service on a road side. The public needs to be very strongly opposed to cherry picking only business model companies if they are to get mass Internet of Fiber. Regulators in particular need to insist that cherry picker only business model companies can fiber up big tower blocks and local council estates provided 50% of the cables are installed to real houses and real fee paying users in small houses unconditionally. Otherwise the cherry pickers will continue to distort the market with fake values and hiked up prices, and continue to abuse regulators and governments in their favor using big money from investors; and they will never move on from cherry picking to providing Internet of Fiber to the masses.
Another potential problem soon to be arriving are backbone only providers. They are hoping to overcharge any small company connecting to their network for Internet packet transport fees. This idea of milking the public and small companies works well if there is scarcity of fiber. With the arrival of Internet of Fiber age, there is no scarcity, so these backbone providers should move into local fiber provisioning to avoid loosing all customers. For sure they will loose all customers because as Internet connectivity is based on peering arrangements. It means if you are a small company with 100,000 customers and you want to connect to the fiber backbone, you are not charged for 100,000 connections because there is traffic that is coming down the backbone to your 100,000 users. There is no point in they invoicing you for a link while you invoice them for the same link for backbone users to access your 100,000 users. So each side agrees to pay a percentage of the costs of a peering link to boost connectivity instead, and avoid invoicing each other for the traffic being carried in the link. These peer to peer connections are never restricted to one provider. Instead they radiate to as many different towns and cities as possible for redundant routing of packets in case one link is broken. This is how the Internet works. So companies getting on some false bandwagon of becoming backbone only providers are wasting their time. They should move into local provisioning while they can and have real customers to build up their business.
Fiber Internet companies typically charge $30 per 1gbit symmetric link and this is now moving towards 10gbits symmetric links because they install a fiber for each customer costing average $150 per install and they have no need of the $50,000 cabinet to multiplex data because fiber is so cheap now everyone can have their own dedicated fiber and 10gbit fiber modems. (The 10gbit is the maximum speed and is known as the bearer speed, and it is contended with other users to make the system work.)
The phone Internet companies on the other hand put value on symmetric data transfer because their own systems are heavily multiplexing voice and tv signals and unable to cope with symmetric data at its full rate, and so prices hike up by x20 compared to fiber Internet companies for all the extra equipment they must put in.
The cable Internet companies have even more problems and hike their data pricing to over 80x for symmetric data because they have extremely limited upload bandwidth all down to needing to upload only the TV remote's commands to change channel and set up TV services, and everything else perceived as waste.
We are entering the Internet of fiber age, and because of the limitation of phone Internet companies and cable/media Internet companies, governments and civic authorities should stop placing orders for Internet with phone Internet companies or cable/media Internet companies. Instead place all orders with fiber Internet companies. Its a great opportunity of Fiber Startups because the investment needed is 1/20th the cost of phone or cable provision. Regulators should adapt and stop recruiting from phone Internet and fiber Internet companies. They do not represent the future.
Regulators should move to prevent installation of small number of fibers in major projects. The minimum should be 1.5 inch thick 3456 core fiber for the major roads and routes because every house needs one within the next 10 years and so avoid the double install and disruptions.
Regulators need to tell incumbents the system is changing and all must find investors and/or upgrade from existing revenue stream or be left behind. It is normal for technology and markets to move and leave behind incumbents, particularly those who claim their investments are at risk and seek to do nothing about it to move forward. For sure the incumbents are always at risk when technology changes and markets move if their management is slow, and these companies need to reminded of that whenever new contracts and initiatives are announced; and not be dictate to the other way around.
There are a lot of fake fiber companies around, so be sure to check that they are wholly operated and owned by fiber Internet companies or you are more than likely to get asymmetric "fiber" which is not fiber at all - some kind of copper multiplexing equipment costing £50,000 in the middle doing a lot of multiplexing slowing everyone down and making it asymmetric when it needn't be. The cheapest and fastest way to provision Internet is with symmetric fiber gigabit Internet. Everything else is either a lie, or a hallucination in some marketing department of phone Internet companies and cable/media Internet companies.
Any EE can now set up their own Fiber Internet start up company and become leading companies and possible new unicorns in the Internet of Fiber Age.
The driver is low capex cost - $900 for fully automatic fusion splicers (same as good scope), $2 for 96 core fiber per meter, and $14 for 1gbit SFP module (less than $20 for 10gbit SFP module). The picture below illustrate why its so easy now to make your own fiber Internet company.

The typical 'exchange building' is gone and replaced with Data Center. And 'Data Center' can be as small as a room of 19" rack cabinets which is very cheap to provision. No copper cables arrives at the building. A few 1 meter diameter ducts service the entire town and for safety and security, these Data Centers are distributed (and should never be concentrated in any one place) which makes the routers work more efficiently. Every town to village should have one or more of these data centers in the Fiber Internet Age.
Average install costs are under $150 per household for symmetric gigabit fiber Internet and easily recovered in under 2 years, and the rest is all pure profit.
When cables are run, unsolicited termination boxes are left in the ground, by the street side or on buildings. This is what costs average $150 to install. When a customer wants a connection they pay $150 for connection from the box to the house or apartment. In the Internet of Fiber Age, businesses and Data Centers also pay same cost to be cabled, which is discounted if ordering many lines at once. Users pay higher fees for reduced contention (which are just software settings inside the router). No fee needs to be charged to upgrade or downgrade user because the bearer does not change.
Make your own good quality FPGA routers to grow at fastest possible speed. Open source FPGA routers are the best way forward. Other options such as buying routers will hit your business plan with $30,000 for each fiber router, when making your own costs a few thousand dollars which is down to the high cost of the FPGA chips themselves. Example of open source FPGA router - https://netfpga.org/
The price of $150 is also the same paid by phone companies, 5G companies, and TV/media companies for each fiber they purchase. They must convert all their interfaces to symmetric gigabit fiber interfaces (can be easier than it sounds as most equipment come with symmetric fiber interface options!). Then all their data go into the Data Center and from there to the Internet Back Bone which is really just a big fat pipe of fiber interconnecting Data Centers and through that to customers all around the globe.

The phone companies, 5G companies, and TV and media companies should retire their out dated technologies and seek out digitally improved Internet connectivity technologies to reduce their need for floor space and electric bills. They do not need to enter into fiber provisioning operations in the age of fiber Internet because fiber companies will provision fiber quicker and at lower cost than they ever will. They can also close regional offices containing equipment and save ton of expenses as fiber takes over the entire communications infrastructure. They should also stop routing packets from the fast symmetric gigabit fiber Internet backbone through their slow asymmetric networks slowing down Internet, and instead buy their Internet from pure fiber providers. Any extra charges incurred in dealing with asymmetric data from phone companies and cable companies that are still using out dated equipment such as asymmetric buffering by using big RAM and extra electrical power should be met by the phone companies and cable companies which they can reduce by moving to better designed equipment. New phone companies such as the emerging 5G companies would also need to use the same architecture and avoid connecting directly to the Internet Backbone slowing down all of Internet to start off on the wrong foot if they have badly designed equipment and fail to understand how routing Internet Backbone packets through their networks slows down the whole Internet which is simply not interested in their routing problems.
Some odd companies may emerge that claims to provide better service or cheaper service but more than likely there will be a catch and it will be at the expense of the customer and provide poor value for money. What we really need to know is what the total bandwidth and switching capability their system offers, and is that set to increase at the pace fiber is projected to increase with its provisioning? If not, customers will be trapped in out of date systems that do not grow with Industry 4.0 systems that require massive data bandwidths that double every one to two years whilst adding little to the price that it is being delivered at. Is it symmetric fiber? If not, upload speed has been compromised for future IoT systems, VR systems, AR systems, gaming PCs, Social Media, and so on because they need increasing upload bandwidths to cope with all the connected devices wanting to log Data and create Content for sharing.

Has your government been hacked at the source for Internet?

Has your Internet been hacked at the source by civil servants to politicians with fake excuses? The characters pushing your country down are in servitude to foreign telecom companies to governments selling sub standard and often hacked equipment to deny you best service. We are in 2020 in the 10gbit symmetric fiber era - if you don't have it at around $50 a month, its because your government has been hacked to deny you full symmetric gbit Internet. Its cheaper now to install 10gbit symmetric gbit fiber Internet than any other forms of Internet. So why can't you have it NOW?
Imagine what might happen if a regulator with revolving doors into the industry tried to force companies to sell their UK dark fiber at $200 a month. The first objections are from foreign owned companies with offices in UK, which sell the dark fiber at $100,000 through scarcity (even though fiber costs 1p a meter and 10gbit SFP modules cost $20), naturally. So the regulator DCMS / Ofcom does what? With revolving doors into industry, the London based civil servants in servitude to US/EU foreign interference in DCMS and Ofcom employed to regulate industry will naturally agree that it is not beneficial to foreign interests and put the regulations on hold after a suitable exchange of brown envelops containing dollops of bitcoins to grease the path towards their interpretation of "digital harmony".
A bit like what has happened reported in this news article - https://www.fibre-systems.com/news/ofcom-decides-not-introduce-temporary-dark-fibre-remedy
Its only when you note that all the companies interfering in UK dark fiber price reduction attempts are ALL foreign owned (with offices in UK), then all things become clear. All participating civil servants are toxic and need to be sacked.
Having good Internet in UK saves lives - so when civil servants are pushing foreign priorities and making up regulations like dark fiber tax (around £1 per meter while fiber costs 1p per meter) selling out UK to lobbyists pushing sound bites to damage your UK Internet infrastructure projects, it will be cheaper to sack the entire toxic civil service, deregulate, hire fewer civil servants to manage less work, and keep cutting down red tape, less form filling, less burdens to Brexit plc tax payer to allow UK to catch up with the rest of the world in terms of prices and services.
The topic of dark fibre tax is toxic and similar to window tax, that it needs to be abolished. It is so toxic to UK government and civil servants that made up the regulations to damage UK infrastructure in servitude to foreign interests, that they manage to remove the term from google search. "Dark Fibre Tax" hardly returns meaningful links (January 2020), despite the billions it gouges out of Brexit plc companies wanting to compete on the world stage. DCMS / Ofcom civil servants do not care how they rob UK companies in servitude to foreign interests. Just have to read the disgusting use of greasy words in their 'report' https://www.ofcom.org.uk/consultations-and-statements/category-3/dark-fibre

Meaning of Connectivity 2.0

Connectivity is rapidly becoming an outdated political concept because speed is not included in the definition leading to lawsuits over what is meant by connectivity.
It needs to be replaced by "Connectivity 2.0" - the ability of users to connect and reliably use modern Internet Services.
There is a huge difference.
The problem with the original definition is that it refers to physical connection and does specify speed of connection.
But if you are connecting to modern Internet services, then speed is a big consideration.
No one will buy Internet to connect to streaming service that has toxic buffering problems for example.
And you can't call yourself a developed nation if one telecom incumbent is running a circus charging a million dollars for a 10gbit fiber Internet link worth $30 per month in other countries.
As far as big money, investors, public, government and users are concerned, you don't have Internet if you can't connect and use modern Internet services.
If you have Internet, do you have Connectivity 2 with it?
Fake Internet companies make it their job to sell Internet that is too slow for Connectivity 2 Internet Services.
Fake telecom companies make it their sales spiel to sell Internet that will never provide reliable unbuffered Connectivity 2 product to connect to any worthwhile services.
Fake cable companies make it their priority to limit upload speed for no reason other than to deny Connectivity 2 Internet for IoT users.
Today, Connectivity 2 means a cheapest of all to install ($150 per house) minimum 1gbit symmetric fiber optic link for $30 per month. Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, Sweden etc can get it. Everywhere else, expect dominant telcos, cable companies, unreliable regulators to telco supported politicians to draw great circles in the air and bemoan all things Connectivity 2 to roll out higher charges whilst stealing your bandwidth when so much of the technology has moved on.

The Rotten History of Internet of Fiber

While many countries from USA downwards and their politicians are for ever preventing its people using Internet to get ahead, the case of UK is vicious and most interesting.
In UK, Institutional Luddites (known as Tories) deliberately and intentionally created the Digital Divide. The UK Institutional Luddite creation known as Digital Divide does not exist in countries such as Sweden.
The Luddite creation known as Digital Divide is where whole swathes of society will NOT be allowed to get cheapest Internet such as Symmetric Internet intentionally so that incumbent companies and politicians of the day are not facing any kinds of existential threats from Internet.
Ultimately it means deliberately interfering in the free market by selling off assets of state owned enterprises reducing competition, and creating shiny new fake laws against free market that intentionally discriminate against roll out of cheaper Symmetric Gbit Internet of Fiber.
Far worse is the creation and promotion of fake divisional and diversionary talking points that have nothing to do with the cheapest of all Internet provision for the people when for the last 15 years, Symmetric Gbit Fiber Internet is the cheapest of all solutions.
What they want is for the people of UK to join them in their illiterate lifestyle and their Luddite ways whether they want to or not.
That is not how the world works any more. The pace of technology is accelerating, so all that the Luddite way can do is move technology and its adoption to other countries at the expense of UK.
The results of Institutional Luddites are there for everyone to witness - the Digital Divide is the biggest of all results (other countries such as Sweden don't have it).
Second to that is that today (2019) ALL IoT projects, 5G projects, AI + Healthcare projects, Smartcities, etc have ALL failed in UK. Startup projects go to UK to die without knowing it because there is no infrastructure for high bandwidth symmetric gbit Internet to each home to make these projects viable. Unlike many other countries like Hong Kong, Korea, Japan, France, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, etc. The UK has 'Digital Divide' intentionally manufactured by Institutional Luddites to destroy whole new families of high tech companies, their revenue streams and their investors.
At least £10,000 worth of sales churn is lost per person per year down to not being able to engage in the digital economy. International investors need to be sure that products and services that they are investing in gets rolled out through Internet and the modern tried and tested way of one click selling and scaling works. With Institutional Luddites in charge and their fake Digital Divide theories on governance, nothing in the form of Internet works to ensure investment produces returns.
The rotten history of fiber despite being rolled out cheaper than copper - https://www.techradar.com/uk/news/world-of-tech/how-the-uk-lost-the-broadband-race-in-1990-1224784
The thought processes that brought you all this in many countries originated in the US. The results all too easy to see. The US now is at least 50 places behind for Internet in terms of price per mbit of Internet and milking its citizens dry with further plots to attack its citizen's, and raid their wallets, and give them even less value.

The Internet of Fiber Stories In Video

2018-11-14

All these visions have just become possible in UK since the announcement that telecom companies have the right to enter premises and install equipment if it is reasonable and no alternatives are viable. And they cannot be charged inflated prices for land to site telecom equipment. So wasteland costing $3 per year for a few sq feet to site equipment is now a feasible idea to startup a fiber company and expand rapidly bridging across all land as needed.
Further reading - Fastest way to provision Symmetric Gigabit Fiberoptic Internet